Border Management

Four indexes are provided below for the cross-cutting issue of “border management”:

• Border management and technology
• Irregular migration
• Migrant smuggling
• Human trafficking

Border management and technology  

The index for the issue of “border management and technology ” below is structured on the basis of the following sub-topics:

Use of technology for border management

• 2022 edition, chapter 5 on "COVID-19’s impact on migration, mobility and migrants globally", p. 168
• 2022 edition, chapter 11 on "Artificial intelligence, migration and mobility", pp. 283, 285-286, 297 and 299
• 2018 edition, chapter 6 on "Mobility, migration and transnational connectivity", pp. 162-163 and 165

Risks linked to digitalization of border management

Biases and errors	2022 edition, chapter 5 on "COVID-19’s impact on migration, mobility and migrants globally", p. 294 2022 edition, chapter 11 on "Artificial intelligence, migration and mobility", pp. 293, 297 and 299
Data confidentiality and privacy	2022 edition, chapter 11 on "Artificial intelligence, migration and mobility", pp. 294, 297 and 299 2018 edition, chapter 6 on "Mobility, migration and transnational connectivity", pp. 163 and 165

Irregular Migration

The index for the issue of “irregular migration” below is structured on the basis of the following sub-topics:

Trends and patterns

Estimates	2020 edition, chapter 2 on a "Global overview of migration and migrants", p. 28 (textbox) 2018 edition, chapter 2 on a "Global overview of migration and migrants", p. 25 (plus appendix)
Subregional dimensions	Eastern and Southern Africa: 2022 edition, chapter 3 on "Regional dimensions and developments", p. 70 South-East Asia: 2022 edition, chapter 3 on "Regional dimensions and developments", p. 87

Impacts of COVID-19 

General impacts

2022 edition, chapter 5 on "COVID-19’s impact on migration, mobility and migrants globally", pp. 154 and 163

Impacts at subregional level

West and Central Africa: 2022 edition, chapter 3 on "Regional dimensions and developments", p. 68 Eastern and Southern Africa: 2022 edition, chapter 3 on "Regional dimensions and developments", pp. 69-70 North Africa: 2022 edition, chapter 3 on "Regional dimensions and developments", p. 72 Northern, Western and Southern Europe: 2022 edition, chapter 3 on "Regional dimensions and developments", p. 96

Factors of irregular migration

• 2022 edition, chapter 6 on "Peace and security as drivers of safe migration", pp. 173-174, 176-177 and 187
• 2020 edition, chapter 9 on "Human mobility and adaptation to environmental change", p. 254
• 2018 edition, chapter 7 on "Understanding migration from migrants' perspectives", p. 180-182 and 185

Impacts on migrants

• 2022 edition, chapter 10 on "Human trafficking in migration pathways", p. 255
• 2018 edition, chapter 7 on "Understanding migration from migrants' perspectives", p. 182
• 2022 edition, chapter 10 on "Human trafficking in migration pathways", p. 260
• 2018 edition, chapter 5 on "Global migration governance frameworks", p. 132
• 2020 edition, chapter 7 on "Migration and health", p. 209
• 2020 edition, chapter 10 on "Migrants caught in crises", p. 249

Addressing irregular migration

• 2022 edition, chapter 6 on "Peace and security as drivers of safe migration", p. 183
• 2022 edition, chapter 7 on "International migration as a stepladder of opportunity", pp. 209 and 211
• 2022 edition, chapter 10 on "Human trafficking in migration pathways", pp. 269 and 277
• 2018 edition, chapter 7 on "Understanding migration from migrants' perspectives", pp. 180-181

Role of technology

• 2022 edition, chapter 11 on "Artificial intelligence, migration and mobility", p. 291
• 2018 edition, chapter 6 on "Mobility, migration and transnational connectivity", pp. 160 and 163

Global migration governance

• 2022 edition, chapter 6 on "Peace and security as drivers of safe migration", p. 178
• 2018 edition, chapter 5 on "Global migration governance frameworks", p. 136
• 2018 edition, chapter 7 on "Understanding migration from migrants' perspectives", p. 171

Migrant smuggling

The index for the issue of “migrant smuggling” below is structured on the basis of the following sub-topics:

Trends and patterns

• 2022 edition, chapter 3 on "Regional dimensions and developments", p. 87 (South-East Asia)
• 2022 edition, chapter 10 on "Human trafficking in migration pathways", pp. 256, 260 and 277
• 2018 edition, chapter 2 on a "Global overview of migration and migrants", p. 25

Factors of migrant smuggling

• 2022 edition, chapter 7 on "International migration as a stepladder of opportunity", p. 209
• 2018 edition, chapter 7 on "Understanding migration from migrants' perspectives", p. 182

Impacts of COVID-19

• 2022 edition, chapter 3 on "Regional dimensions and developments", p. 68 (West and Central Africa)
• 2022 edition, chapter 5 on "COVID-19’s impact on migration, mobility and migrants globally", p. 163

Role of technology

• 2018 edition, chapter 5 on "Global migration governance frameworks", p. 160

Global migration governance

• 2022 edition, chapter 10 on "Human trafficking in migration pathways", p. 275
• 2020 edition, chapter 11 on "Recent developments in global governance", p. 298
• 2018 edition, chapter 5 on "Global migration governance frameworks", pp. 127, 129, 131-132 and 142

Human trafficking

The index for the issue of “human trafficking” below is structured on the basis of the following sub-topics:

Trends and patterns

• 2022 edition, chapter 3 on "Regional dimensions and developments", p. 69 (West and Central Africa), 73 (North Africa) and 87 (South-East Asia)
• 2020 edition, chapter 8 on "Children and unsafe migration", pp. 235 and 247

Factors increasing risk of human trafficking

• 2022 edition, chapter 7 on "International migration as a stepladder of opportunity", p. 209
• 2020 edition, chapter 9 on "Human mobility and adaptation to environmental change", p. 264
• 2018 edition, chapter 7 on "Understanding migration from migrants' perspectives", p. 182

Addressing human trafficking

• Free movement: 2022 edition, chapter 7 on "International migration as a stepladder of opportunity", p. 211

Impacts on migrants

• 2020 edition, chapter 6 on "Migration, inclusion and social cohesion", p. 187
• 2020 edition, chapter 7 on "Migration and health", pp. 216 and 225

Role of technology

• 2018 edition, chapter 5 on "Global migration governance frameworks", pp. 160 and 168

Global migration governance

• 2020 edition, chapter 11 on "Recent developments in global governance", p. 298-299
• 2018 edition, chapter 5 on "Global migration governance frameworks", pp. 127, 129, 131-132, 135 and 142